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All the data on one page

166 developers answered: 25 Korean nationals living in Korea, 106 international residents of Korea, and 35 living outside Korea. Percentages use the number of people who answered each question, so n varies. Processed 2026-08-01.

This page exists for machines and for anyone who wants the whole thing at once. The chaptered report is the better read, and the JSON export holds the same figures.

Who answered

English and Korean proficiency by group

Grouped by respondent group. Groups with fewer than 8 answers are not shown; those shown cover 100% of respondents.

GroupFluent or native EnglishConversational Korean or better
Korean, in Korea36% ±19 (n=25)100% ±0 (n=25)
International, in Korea90% ±6 (n=106)48% ±10 (n=106)
Living abroad77% ±14 (n=35)11% ±11 (n=35)

Residency status by years lived in Korea

Grouped by Years lived in Korea. Groups with fewer than 8 answers are not shown; those shown cover 94% of respondents.

GroupOn a long-term or permanent statusOn a work, study or job-seeking visa
Under 1 year3% ±7 (n=29)34% ±17 (n=29)
1–3 years26% ±17 (n=27)48% ±19 (n=27)
4–6 years57% ±20 (n=23)39% ±20 (n=23)
7–9 years86% ±15 (n=21)5% ±9 (n=21)

Where respondents live

n=166

AnswerCountShare
Seoul7445%
Gyeonggi2113%
Incheon42%
Daejeon21%
Busan21%
Daegu11%
Ulsan11%
Sejong21%
Gangwon11%
Chungnam32%
Jeonbuk11%
Outside Korea5433%

Residency status

n=166

AnswerCountShare
Korean citizen2515%
F-2 Long-term resident2113%
F-4 Overseas Korean42%
F-5 Permanent resident53%
F-6 Marriage2012%
E-7 Specialized work117%
D-8 Corporate/startup investor32%
D-10 Job-seeking32%
H-1 Working holiday64%
D-2/D-4 Student/language138%
Living outside Korea4024%
Other159%

Nationality

n=166

AnswerCountShare
United States1610%
Spain42%
France138%
Korea (South)2515%
India2414%
Pakistan32%
Russian Federation74%
Uzbekistan159%
Brazil32%
South Africa32%
United Kingdom42%
Italy32%
Romania32%
Nepal53%
Other3823%

Gender identity

n=166

AnswerCountShare
Man13179%
Woman3320%
Non-binary or gender non-conforming11%
Not listed11%

Age

n=166 · median 20–29

AnswerCountShare
Under 2042%
20–298149%
30–397344%
40–4985%

Years of professional experience

n=166 · median 4–6

AnswerCountShare
<13119%
1–33722%
4–64225%
7–92314%
10–121710%
13–1564%
16–2064%
20+42%

Years lived in Korea

n=166 · median 1–3

AnswerCountShare
<16137%
1–32817%
4–62515%
7–92213%
10–1221%
13–1532%
16–2064%
20+1911%

Education & qualifications

n=166 · multiple answers allowed

AnswerCountShare
Short-cycle/associate85%
Bachelor's9356%
Master's5835%
PhD53%
Coding bootcamp159%
Professional certification (정보처리기사, AWS, CISSP…)2012%
None of these106%
Other95%

English proficiency

n=166 · median Fluent

AnswerCountShare
None32%
Basic42%
Conversational159%
Business138%
Fluent8853%
Native/bilingual4326%

Korean proficiency

n=166 · median Basic

AnswerCountShare
None2414%
Basic6237%
Conversational3722%
Business127%
Fluent64%
Native/bilingual2515%

Employment status

n=166

AnswerCountShare
Permanent employee6841%
Contract employee127%
Part-time11%
Internship21%
Freelance/self-employed1710%
Founder/executive106%
Student2113%
Not employed — looking3420%
Other11%

Work & employment

Median compensation by years of professional experience

Grouped by Years of professional experience. Groups with fewer than 8 answers are not shown; those shown cover 100% of respondents.

GroupMedian total compensation
0–3 years₩40–50M (₩30–40M–₩40–50M, n=19)
4–6 years₩50–60M (₩50–60M–₩70–80M, n=22)
7–9 years₩80–90M (₩60–70M–₩120–140M, n=12)
10+ years₩90–100M (₩60–70M–₩140–160M, n=20)

Median compensation by employer type

Grouped by Employer type. Groups with fewer than 8 answers are not shown; those shown cover 92% of respondents.

GroupMedian total compensation
Korean company₩50–60M (₩40–50M–₩60–70M, n=38)
Foreign, remote₩100–120M (₩90–100M–₩140–160M, n=17)
Foreign subsidiary₩90–100M (₩60–70M–₩140–160M, n=12)

Median compensation by residency status

Grouped by Residency status. Groups with fewer than 8 answers are not shown; those shown cover 79% of respondents.

GroupMedian total compensation
Korean citizen₩80–90M (₩50–60M–₩120–140M, n=15)
F-2 Long-term resident₩50–60M (₩40–50M–₩70–80M, n=18)
F-6 Marriage₩100–120M (₩60–70M–₩140–160M, n=14)
E-7 Specialized work₩40–50M (₩30–40M–₩60–70M, n=11)

Median compensation by hours spent in meetings

Grouped by Meeting hours per week. Groups with fewer than 8 answers are not shown; those shown cover 90% of respondents.

GroupMedian total compensation
0–1₩50–60M (₩40–50M–₩70–80M, n=16)
1–5₩60–70M (₩40–50M–₩90–100M, n=37)
5–10₩100–120M (₩50–60M–₩120–140M, n=13)

Discrimination reported at work, by employer type

Grouped by Employer type. Groups with fewer than 8 answers are not shown; those shown cover 91% of respondents.

GroupReport discrimination on any ground
Korean company26% ±14 (n=39)
Foreign, remote0% ±0 (n=19)
Foreign subsidiary25% ±25 (n=12)

Job satisfaction and Korean at work, by employer type

Grouped by Employer type. Groups with fewer than 8 answers are not shown; those shown cover 91% of respondents.

GroupSatisfied or very satisfiedUse Korean frequently or always
Korean company38% ±15 (n=39)49% ±16 (n=39)
Foreign, remote68% ±21 (n=19)5% ±10 (n=19)
Foreign subsidiary67% ±27 (n=12)58% ±28 (n=12)

Work and pay by highest qualification

Grouped by Education & qualifications. Groups with fewer than 8 answers are not shown; those shown cover 88% of respondents.

GroupIn work rather than job-huntingMedian total compensation
Master's86% ±10 (n=49)₩70–80M (₩50–60M–₩140–160M, n=27)
Bachelor's70% ±11 (n=70)₩60–70M (₩40–50M–₩90–100M, n=37)
No qualification75% ±30 (n=8)—

Korean with colleagues

n=77 · median Rarely

AnswerCountShare
Never3242%
Rarely1013%
Sometimes56%
Frequently912%
Always2127%

English with colleagues

n=77 · median Frequently

AnswerCountShare
Never79%
Rarely810%
Sometimes912%
Frequently1621%
Always3748%

Hours worked per week

n=77 · median 41–45

AnswerCountShare
<3034%
31–3511%
36–402229%
41–452938%
46–50912%
50+1317%

Where people work

n=77 · multiple answers allowed

AnswerCountShare
Company office4964%
Coworking space1216%
Café1216%
Dedicated private office34%
Dedicated home room2836%
Common home room1114%
Other23%

Searching for a new job

n=77 · median No, but would consider

AnswerCountShare
Yes3545%
No, but would consider2532%
No1722%

Discrimination experienced at work

n=77 · multiple answers allowed

AnswerCountShare
Race68%
Religion11%
Age23%
Political views11%
Caregiving status11%
Country/citizenship68%
Appearance/body23%
None of these5571%
Other23%
Prefer not to say912%

Job satisfaction

n=77 · median Satisfied

AnswerCountShare
Very dissatisfied45%
Dissatisfied1114%
Neutral2229%
Satisfied3242%
Very satisfied810%

Employer type

n=77

AnswerCountShare
Korean company3951%
Korean subsidiary of a foreign company1216%
Foreign company, remote (no Korea office)1925%
Sole proprietorship23%
Other56%

Employer tier

n=77 · median SME or startup

AnswerCountShare
SME or startup5470%
Mid-size1317%
Large conglomerate (Samsung, Naver, Kakao…)68%
Not applicable (freelance/independent)45%

Industry

n=77 · multiple answers allowed

AnswerCountShare
SaaS3039%
Finance1114%
E-commerce810%
AI2836%
Cloud computing56%
Advertising11%
Consulting45%
Gaming11%
Crypto23%
Education56%
HR23%
Manufacturing1114%
Other2127%

Meeting hours per week

n=77 · median 1–5

AnswerCountShare
0–11722%
1–54052%
5–101317%
10–1568%
15+11%

Remote-work policy

n=77

AnswerCountShare
No remote work3444%
Hybrid1317%
Up to employee810%
Fully remote1722%
Not applicable (freelance/independent)56%

Employer size worldwide

n=77 · median 20–99

AnswerCountShare
Just me23%
2–91925%
10–191013%
20–992026%
100–4991114%
500–99956%
1,000–4,99934%
5,000–9,99911%
10,000+45%
Not applicable (freelance/independent)23%

Total annual compensation (KRW, before tax)

n=77 · median ₩60–70M

AnswerCountShare
Under ₩20M23%
₩20–30M00%
₩30–40M68%
₩40–50M1216%
₩50–60M1013%
₩60–70M1013%
₩70–80M56%
₩80–90M56%
₩90–100M23%
₩100–120M810%
₩120–140M23%
₩140–160M68%
₩160–200M23%
₩200–250M23%
₩400M+11%
Prefer not to say45%

Income vs last year

n=77 · median Increased

AnswerCountShare
Increased4558%
Stayed the same2634%
Decreased68%

Engineering practices

n=76 · multiple answers allowed

AnswerCountShare
Agile3445%
Code reviews4559%
Continuous integration5167%
Continuous deployment/delivery5066%
Automated testing3445%
Infrastructure as code2432%
Monitoring & logging3749%
Pair programming11%
Blameless postmortems1216%
Version control5066%
Waterfall68%
None811%
Other79%

How people found their job in Korea

n=75

AnswerCountShare
LinkedIn1520%
Korean job board1419%
Direct application1013%
Recruiter34%
Referral1216%
English-first platform11%
Other2027%

Tech stack

Median compensation by programming language used

Grouped by Programming languages. Groups with fewer than 10 answers are not shown; those shown cover 93% of respondents.

GroupMedian total compensation
Go₩100–120M (₩70–80M–₩120–140M, n=10)
Bash/Shell₩80–90M (₩50–60M–₩120–140M, n=30)
Python₩60–70M (₩40–50M–₩100–120M, n=45)
SQL₩60–70M (₩40–50M–₩100–120M, n=30)
Java₩60–70M (₩50–60M–₩80–90M, n=13)
JavaScript₩50–60M (₩40–50M–₩70–80M, n=36)
TypeScript₩50–60M (₩40–50M–₩100–120M, n=39)
HTML/CSS₩50–60M (₩40–50M–₩60–70M, n=34)

Languages used, by whether people are working

Grouped by Employment status. Groups with fewer than 8 answers are not shown; those shown cover 100% of respondents.

GroupUse PythonUse TypeScript
Currently working59% ±11 (n=76)54% ±11 (n=76)
Studying or job-hunting76% ±11 (n=55)40% ±13 (n=55)

Programming languages

n=131 · multiple answers allowed

AnswerCountShare
JavaScript7154%
TypeScript6348%
Python8766%
HTML/CSS6650%
SQL5844%
Bash/Shell4333%
Java2620%
Kotlin1310%
Go1411%
Rust97%
Swift97%
C129%
C++2015%
C#1310%
PHP75%
Scala11%
Elixir22%
Dart75%
Other108%

Web & backend frameworks

n=131 · multiple answers allowed

AnswerCountShare
Angular65%
Django2015%
Express2217%
FastAPI4534%
Flask129%
HTMX75%
jQuery118%
Laravel22%
NestJS2116%
Next.js4837%
Nuxt22%
React6550%
Spring / Spring Boot2519%
Svelte32%
Vue.js129%
None2217%
Other1713%

Other frameworks & libraries

n=131 · multiple answers allowed

AnswerCountShare
.NET1310%
Apache Kafka1612%
Flutter1814%
NumPy4534%
OpenCV2620%
Pandas3930%
PyTorch3426%
RabbitMQ118%
React Native2015%
Scikit-learn2519%
TensorFlow2318%
None3124%
Other2318%

Cloud platforms

n=131 · multiple answers allowed

AnswerCountShare
AWS5844%
Azure2519%
Cloudflare2721%
DigitalOcean43%
Firebase1915%
Google Cloud3728%
Heroku75%
Hetzner54%
Naver Cloud (NCP)43%
Supabase2620%
Vercel3023%
None2721%
Other118%

Social media

n=131 · multiple answers allowed

AnswerCountShare
LinkedIn11789%
X/Twitter4837%
Instagram8867%
Facebook3930%
Threads1411%
Reddit3829%
TikTok1310%
Bluesky43%
Mastodon54%
KakaoTalk8464%
None43%
Other1310%

AI

AI-written code and belief in AI, by years of experience

Grouped by Years of professional experience. Groups with fewer than 8 answers are not shown; those shown cover 100% of respondents.

GroupMedian share of shipped code written by AIAgree AI makes them more productive
0–3 years70% (n=56)82% ±10 (n=57)
4–6 years80% (n=29)72% ±16 (n=29)
7–9 years70% (n=17)76% ±20 (n=17)
10+ years65% (n=28)68% ±17 (n=28)

How much AI writes, by respondent group

Grouped by respondent group. Groups with fewer than 8 answers are not shown; those shown cover 100% of respondents.

GroupMedian share of shipped code written by AIUse AI to write code constantly
Korean, in Korea90% (n=25)72% ±18 (n=25)
International, in Korea60% (n=105)29% ±9 (n=106)

Which AI tools each group reaches for

Grouped by respondent group. Groups with fewer than 8 answers are not shown; those shown cover 100% of respondents.

GroupUse Claude CodeUse GitHub Copilot
Korean, in Korea88% ±13 (n=25)12% ±13 (n=25)
International, in Korea69% ±9 (n=106)29% ±9 (n=106)

AI tools

n=131 · multiple answers allowed

AnswerCountShare
ChatGPT8766%
Codex4937%
Claude9472%
Claude Code9573%
GitHub Copilot3426%
Cursor3829%
Gemini6852%
Grok1713%
Perplexity1511%
Devin11%
v022%
DeepL65%
Midjourney32%
Stable Diffusion43%
Qwen1511%
DeepSeek2015%
Other97%

What AI is used for

n=131 · multiple answers allowed

AnswerCountShare
Code generation12495%
Learning/research12394%
Summarization9875%
Text generation7759%
Translation7960%
Image generation4434%
Speech recognition1310%
Speech generation97%
Computer vision2519%
Other97%

Share of shipped code that is AI-generated

n=130 · median 50–74% · mean 62.2, median 70

AnswerCountShare
0%22%
1–24%2318%
25–49%1612%
50–74%3124%
75–99%4132%
100%1713%

How often AI generates their code

n=131 · median Multiple times a day

AnswerCountShare
Never22%
A few times a year54%
Monthly54%
Weekly2217%
Daily2922%
Multiple times a day1915%
Constantly4937%

Biggest AI pain points

n=131 · multiple answers allowed

AnswerCountShare
Hallucinations/inaccuracies7557%
Poor generated code4837%
Lack of context4232%
Misunderstood prompt3829%
Integration difficulties1713%
Privacy concerns2418%
Training-data concerns1612%
Ethical concerns1411%
Cost4635%
Environmental impact1814%
Other32%

"AI makes me more productive"

n=131 · median Agree

AnswerCountShare
Strongly disagree43%
Disagree11%
Neutral2620%
Agree4635%
Strongly agree5441%

"AI is a threat to my job security"

n=131 · median Neutral

AnswerCountShare
Strongly disagree2217%
Disagree3426%
Neutral3728%
Agree3124%
Strongly agree75%

Life in Korea

Korean proficiency by years lived in Korea (international residents)

Grouped by Years lived in Korea. Groups with fewer than 8 answers are not shown; those shown cover 94% of respondents.

GroupConversational Korean or better
Under 1 year24% ±16 (n=29)
1–3 years44% ±19 (n=27)
4–6 years52% ±20 (n=23)
7–9 years71% ±19 (n=21)

What is hardest, by Korean proficiency (international residents)

Grouped by Korean proficiency. Groups with fewer than 8 answers are not shown; those shown cover 100% of respondents.

GroupName the language barrierName work culture
Basic Korean or none75% ±12 (n=55)22% ±11 (n=55)
Conversational or better45% ±14 (n=51)37% ±13 (n=51)

Friend groups by Korean proficiency (international residents)

Grouped by Korean proficiency. Groups with fewer than 8 answers are not shown; those shown cover 100% of respondents.

GroupFriends are mostly or all non-Korean
Basic Korean or none73% ±12 (n=55)
Conversational or better55% ±14 (n=51)

Friend group

n=131 · median Mostly non-Korean

AnswerCountShare
All Korean108%
Mostly Korean1511%
Mix3728%
Mostly non-Korean4837%
All non-Korean2116%

Hobbies

n=131 · multiple answers allowed

AnswerCountShare
Arts & crafts2015%
Camping2418%
Cooking3124%
Electronics3728%
Gardening108%
Language learning5340%
Movies/TV6650%
Music6147%
Programming7860%
Reading4837%
Sports/exercise7860%
Tabletop gaming1915%
Video games6449%
Woodworking11%
Other1310%

Best things about life in Korea

n=131 · multiple answers allowed

AnswerCountShare
Career2116%
Compensation54%
Convenience8766%
Cost of living1411%
Food4131%
Healthcare4434%
Infrastructure5139%
Nature1511%
Pop culture54%
Culture & history1411%
Safety6348%
Adventure75%
Collectivist culture43%
Other32%

Hardest things about life in Korea

n=131 · multiple answers allowed

AnswerCountShare
Cultural barriers3124%
Language barrier6550%
Visa uncertainty4031%
Work culture3829%
Pressure to conform2318%
Compensation2116%
Cost of living1612%
Housing3325%
Isolation2519%
Limited career growth3325%
Food32%
Other75%

Korean developers & global companies

Appetite for global work by English proficiency

Grouped by English proficiency. Groups with fewer than 8 answers are not shown; those shown cover 100% of respondents.

GroupEager to take a mostly-English roleName the English requirement as their biggest hesitation
Below fluent English31% ±23 (n=16)44% ±24 (n=16)
Fluent or native English78% ±27 (n=9)0% ±0 (n=9)

Interest in an English-first / global company

n=25 · median 5 — Very interested

AnswerCountShare
1 — Not interested00%
200%
3 — Neutral14%
4312%
5 — Very interested2184%

Would take a mostly-English role

n=25

AnswerCountShare
Yes, eager1248%
Yes, if comp is right1040%
Hesitant312%

Interest in remote work for an overseas company

n=25

AnswerCountShare
Already do it14%
Very interested2184%
Somewhat312%

Biggest draws of a global employer

n=25 · multiple answers allowed

AnswerCountShare
Higher pay1768%
English environment1144%
Work culture/balance1040%
Global career path2080%
Equity/stock14%
Learning & growth1040%

Biggest hesitation about a global employer

n=25

AnswerCountShare
Job security728%
Unfamiliar culture28%
English requirement728%
Relocation/visa if abroad832%
Other14%

International developers in Korea

Hiring friction by Korean proficiency

Grouped by Korean proficiency. Groups with fewer than 8 answers are not shown; those shown cover 100% of respondents.

GroupName the Korean-language barName visa sponsorship
Basic Korean or none67% ±12 (n=55)45% ±13 (n=55)
Conversational or better51% ±14 (n=51)31% ±13 (n=51)

Hiring friction by years lived in Korea

Grouped by Years lived in Korea. Groups with fewer than 8 answers are not shown; those shown cover 94% of respondents.

GroupSay companies hesitate over foreignersName the Korean-language bar
Under 1 year62% ±18 (n=29)55% ±18 (n=29)
1–3 years37% ±18 (n=27)67% ±18 (n=27)
4–6 years43% ±20 (n=23)70% ±19 (n=23)
7–9 years43% ±21 (n=21)48% ±21 (n=21)

What first attracted them to Korea

n=106 · multiple answers allowed

AnswerCountShare
Adventure3432%
Career3533%
Family1716%
Food1817%
Friendship/romance1817%
Infrastructure1817%
Language2120%
Nature1413%
Pop culture (K-pop/K-drama)1716%
Culture & history3028%
Safety2826%
Other1817%

Biggest friction getting hired in Korea

n=106 · multiple answers allowed

AnswerCountShare
Visa sponsorship4139%
Korean-language bar6359%
Postings only in Korean1716%
Salary below expectations2927%
Companies hesitant about foreigners5148%
Hard to find English-friendly companies5653%
Recruiting process1312%
Other55%

Developers abroad

Barriers by how strongly they want to come

Grouped by Interest in working in Korea. Groups with fewer than 8 answers are not shown; those shown cover 100% of respondents.

GroupName visa or sponsorshipName the salary level
Interested25% ±30 (n=8)38% ±34 (n=8)
Very interested85% ±13 (n=27)4% ±7 (n=27)

Barriers by how soon people plan to move

Grouped by When they might move. Groups with fewer than 8 answers are not shown; those shown cover 100% of respondents.

GroupName visa or sponsorshipDon't know where to look
Moving within a year81% ±19 (n=16)50% ±25 (n=16)
Later or undecided63% ±22 (n=19)32% ±21 (n=19)

Interest in working in Korea

n=35 · median 5 — Very interested

AnswerCountShare
1 — Not interested00%
200%
3 — Neutral13%
4720%
5 — Very interested2777%

When they might move

n=35 · median 1–3 years

AnswerCountShare
Within a year1646%
1–3 years1131%
Someday, no timeline720%
Just curious13%

What attracts them to Korea

n=35 · multiple answers allowed

AnswerCountShare
Adventure1440%
Career2571%
Family823%
Food1646%
Friendship/romance1029%
Infrastructure2366%
Language1954%
Nature1440%
Pop culture (K-pop/K-drama)1337%
Culture & history1954%
Safety1851%
Other411%

Biggest barriers to making the move

n=35 · multiple answers allowed

AnswerCountShare
Visa / sponsorship2571%
Korean language2057%
Salary level411%
Don't know where to look1440%
Unsure companies will hire me2160%
Cost / quality of life unknowns39%

What would most help them move

n=35

AnswerCountShare
A clear job pipeline1029%
Visa support1851%
Relocation support26%
Korean-language help13%
Community / network39%
Higher salary13%